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       Cheap talk is pre-play communication which carries no cost. For example, in the Prisoner's Dilemma one might add a round of pre-play communication where each player announces the action they intend to take (or alternatively the action they would like the other to take). In the Prisoner's dilemma cheap talk is not expected to have any effect (for an exception see Robson 1990). In other games Cheap Talk does have a demonstrated effect on play.

       It has been commonly argued that cheap talk will have no effect on the underlying structure of the game. In biology authors have often argued that costly signalling best explains signalling between animals (see Handicap principle, Signalling theory). This general belief has been receiving some challenges (see work by Carl Bergstrom and Brian Skyrms 2002, 2004). In particular, several models using evolutionary game theory indicate that cheap talk can have effect on the evolutionary dynamics of particular games.

       Cheap talk game, the sender's action does not affect the payoff per se, insofar as for a given sender type and a given receiver action, payoffs will be the same regardless of the sender's message. However, the action of the sender might affect the payoff for both parties by changing the action taken by the receiver.